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Brazilian populations of Drosophila maculifrons (Diptera: Drosophilidae): low diversity levels and signals of a population expansion after the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors:Francine Cenzi De Ré  Emanuele C Gustani  Ana Paula F Oliveira  Luciana P B Machado  Rogério P Mateus  Elgion L S Loreto  Lizandra J Robe
Institution:1. Programa de Pós‐Gradua??o em Biodiversidade Animal (PPGBA), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), , Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós‐Gradua??o em Biologia Evolutiva (PPGBioEvol), Universidade Estadual do Centro‐Oeste (UNICENTRO), , Paraná, Brazil;3. Programa de Pós‐Gradua??o em Genética Evolutiva e Biologia Molecular (PPGGEv), Universidade Federal de S?o Carlos (UFSCar), , S?o Paulo, Brazil;4. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir?o Preto, Departamento de Genética, Universidade de S?o Paulo (USP), , Ribeir?o Preto, S?o Paulo, Brazil;5. Programa de Pós‐Gradua??o em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais (PPGBAC), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), , Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Abstract:The Quaternary period was marked by considerable changes in climate. Such palaeoclimatic changes affected the population dynamics of many species, both in the Northern and in the Southern Hemisphere. However, the extent of these impacts on the demographic patterns of Neotropical species presenting different ecological requirements remains unclear. Drosophila maculifrons DUDA 1947 belongs to the guaramunu group of Drosophila and represents a potential indicator of the genetic consequences caused by the climatic fluctuations of the Quaternary, because it seems to be sensitive to temperature and humidity shifts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evolutionary processes subjacent to the patterns of intraspecific diversity and structure of different populations of D. maculifrons. In total, 152 individuals were collected in the south and south‐east Brazil. Phylogenetic and phylogeographical analyses were performed based on sequences of COI and COII mitochondrial genes. In general, the results pointed to Brazilian populations of D. maculifrons being extremely impoverished in terms of mitochondrial diversity and population structure, which could be explained by a recent population expansion event dated to approximately 12 000 years ago. In fact, with the assistance of species palaeo‐distribution modelling strategies, it was possible to infer that most of the sampled region did not present the D. maculifrons environmental suitability requirements at least during the period of the Last Glacial Maximum. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 112 , 55–66.
Keywords:cytochrome oxidase subunit I  cytochrome oxidase subunit II  haplotype diversity  phylogeography  Quaternary
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