Preparation of cassava starch grafted with polystyrene by suspension polymerization

Cassava starch grafted with polystyrene (PS-g-starch) copolymer was synthesized via free-radical polymerization of styrene by using suspension polymerization technique. Potassium persulfate (PPS) was used as an initiator and water was used as a medium. The graft copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The sub-micron spherical beads of PS were observed on the surface of starch granules. SEM micrographs showed porous patches of PS adhering on the starch granules after Soxhlet extraction. FTIR spectra also indicated the presence of PS-g-starch copolymer. XRD analysis exhibited insignificant changes in crystalline structure and degree of crystallinity. The effects of starch:styrene weight ratio, amount of PPS, reaction time and reaction temperature on the percentage of grafting – G (%), were investigated. G (%) increased with increasing starch content. Other variables showed their own individual optimal values. The optimum condition yielding 31.47% of G (%) was derived when the component ratio was 1:3 and reaction temperature and time were 50 °C and 2 h, respectively. Graft copolymerization did not change granular shape and crystallinity of starch. This study demonstrated the capability of polymerization of styrene monomer on the granular starch without emulsifier and the synthesis of graft copolymer without gelatinization of starch.