Residence of Habitat-Specific Anammox Bacteria in the Deep-Sea Subsurface Sediments of the South China Sea: Analyses of Marker Gene Abundance with Physical Chemical Parameters |
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Authors: | Yi-Guo Hong Meng Li Huiluo Cao Ji-Dong Gu |
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Institution: | (1) Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environment Dynamics (LED), South China Sea Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, People’s Republic of China;(2) Division of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China;(3) The Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Shek O, Cape d’Aguilar, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China; |
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Abstract: | Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has been recognized as an important process for the global nitrogen cycle. In this
study, the occurrence and diversity of anammox bacteria in the deep-sea subsurface sediments of the South China Sea (SCS)
were investigated. Results indicated that the anammox bacterial sequences recovered from this habitat by amplifying both 16S
rRNA gene and hydrazine oxidoreductase encoding hzo gene were all closely related to the Candidatus Scalindua genus. A total of 96 16S rRNA gene sequences from 346 clones were grouped into five subclusters: two subclusters
affiliated with the brodae and arabica species, while three new subclusters named zhenghei-I, -II, and -III showed ≤97.4%
nucleic acid sequence identity with other known Candidatus Scalindua species. Meanwhile, 88 hzo gene sequences from the sediments also formed five distant subclusters within hzo cluster 1c. Through fluorescent real-time
PCR analysis, the abundance of anammox bacteria in deep-sea subsurface sediment was quantified by hzo genes, which ranged from 1.19 × 104 to 7.17 × 104 copies per gram of dry sediments. Combining all the information from this study, diverse Candidatus Scalindua anammox bacteria were found in the deep-sea subsurface sediments of the SCS, and they could be involved in the
nitrogen loss from the fixed inventory in the habitat. |
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