Investigation of Microbial Populations in the Extremely Metal-Contaminated Coeur d'Alene River Sediments |
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Authors: | Gurdeep Rastogi Sutapa Barua Rajesh K Sani Brent M Peyton |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA;(2) Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;(3) Present address: Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;(4) Present address: Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; |
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Abstract: | The deposition of mine tailings generated from 125 years of sulfidic ore mining resulted in the enrichment of Coeur d'Alene
River (CdAR) sediments with significant amounts of toxic heavy metals. A review of literature suggests that microbial populations
play a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of elements in such mining-impacted sedimentary environments. To assess
the indigenous microbial communities associated with metal-enriched sediments of the CdAR, high-density 16S microarray (PhyloChip)
and clone libraries specific to bacteria (16S rRNA), ammonia oxidizers (amoA), and methanogens (mcrA) were analyzed. PhyloChip analysis provided a comprehensive assessment of bacterial populations and detected the largest
number of phylotypes in Proteobacteria followed by Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Furthermore, PhyloChip and clone libraries displayed considerable metabolic diversity in indigenous microbial populations
by capturing several chemolithotrophic groups such as ammonia oxidizers, iron-reducers and -oxidizers, methanogens, and sulfate-reducers
in the CdAR sediments. Twenty-two phylotypes detected on PhyloChip could not be classified even at phylum level thus suggesting
the presence of novel microbial populations in the CdAR sediments. Clone libraries demonstrated very limited diversity of
ammonia oxidizers and methanogens in the CdAR sediments as evidenced by the fact that only Nitrosospira- and Methanosarcina-related phylotypes were retrieved in amoA and mcrA clone libraries, respectively. |
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