Alum and Squalene-Oil-in-Water Emulsion Enhance the Titer and Avidity of Anti-Aβ Antibodies Induced by Multimeric Protein Antigen (1–11)E2, Preserving the Igg1-Skewed Isotype Distribution |
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| Authors: | Francesca Mantile Maria Trovato Andrea Santoni Pasquale Barba Simone Ottonello Piergiuseppe De Berardinis Antonella Prisco |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, Napoli, Italy.; 2. Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Napoli, Italy.; 3. Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.; Instituto Butantan, Brazil, |
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| Abstract: | The development of active immunotherapy for Alzheimer''s disease (AD) requires the identification of immunogens that can ensure a high titer antibody response toward Aβ, while minimizing the risks of adverse reactions. Multimeric protein (1–11)E2 induces a robust and persistent antibody response to Aβ in mice, when formulated in Freund''s adjuvant. The goal of this translational study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of (1–11)E2 formulated in alum (Alhydrogel 2%), or in a squalene oil-in-water emulsion (AddaVax), or without adjuvant. A IgG1-skewed isotype distribution was observed for the anti-Aβ antibodies generated in mice immunized with either the non-adjuvanted or the adjuvanted vaccine, indicating that (1–11)E2 induces a Th2-like response in all tested conditions. Both Alhydrogel 2% and AddaVax enhanced the titer and avidity of the anti-Aβ response elicited by (1–11)E2. We conclude that (1–11)E2 is a promising candidate for anti-Aβ immunization protocols that include alum or squalene-oil-in-water emulsion, or no adjuvant. |
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