Signaling pathways associated with macrophage-activating polysaccharide isolated from the fermentation liquor of Rhizopus nigricans |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan;2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan;3. Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan;4. School of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge University, Hopkins Building, The Downing site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, Cambridge CB2?1QW, UK |
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| Abstract: | Our previous reports showed that the structural features and immunologic enhancement of polysaccharide (EPS1-1) from Rhizopus nigricans. However, the molecular mechanism in cellular immunomodulatory of EPS1-1 remains unclear. Here the experiments for the molecular mechanisms of EPS1-1 on the peritoneal macrophages were performed. The results demonstrated that the expression of TLR4 was significantly improved by EPS1-1. Subsequently, the phosphorylation of p38MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK and IKKα/β were promoted. Moreover, EPS1-1 enhanced the expressions of IL-2, TNF-α and iNOS in EPS1-1-induced macrophages which were pretreated with MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors, and reduced the blocking effects of the inhibitors to the expressions of p-p38MAPK, p-ERK1/2 and p-IKKα/β. Therefore, these results illustrated that EPS1-1 could improve the immune functions of peritoneal macrophages by promoting the gene expressions of IL-2, TNF-α and iNOS via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. |
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| Keywords: | Polysaccharide TLR4 MAPK NF-κB |
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