外泌体介导的miRNAs对恶性肿瘤调控作用研究的新进展

外泌体是一种直径为30 nm^100 nm的细胞外脂质囊泡,几乎可以被所有类型的细胞释放,包括癌细胞。作为细胞间通讯的重要介质,宿主细胞或癌细胞分泌的外泌体可以介导包括miRNA、mRNA、DNA片段及蛋白质在内的多种物质参与肿瘤的发生、生长、侵袭及转移过程。尤其是miRNA已经被证实是肿瘤衍生的外泌体用于实现自身功能机制的重要组成部分。因此,外泌体miRNA在调节肿瘤发生发展、侵袭转移、肿瘤免疫应答、肿瘤血管生成及肿瘤耐药方面具有显著功能。本文就外泌体介导的miRNA对肿瘤的相关调控作用作一综述。

New progress in the regulation of exosome-mediated miRNAs on malignant tumors

Exosomes are extracellular lipid vesicles with diameter from 30 nm to 100 nm, and can be released by almost all types of cells, including cancer cells. As an important medium of intercellular communication, exosomes secreted by host cells or cancer cells can mediate various substances including miRNA, mRNA, DNA fragments and proteins to participate in the process of tumor occurrence, growth, invasion and metastasis. MiRNA, in particular, has been shown to be an important component of tumor-derived exosomes used to achieve their own functional mechanisms. Therefore, exosomal miRNA plays a significant role in regulating tumor occurrence and development, invasion and metastasis, tumor immune response, tumor angiogenesis and tumor drug resistance. This review summerized the regulation of exosome-mediated miRNAs on tumors.