Gene transfer in enteric bacteria through the formation of R-prime plasmids by an RP4: :mini-Mu element.

Gene transfer in seven pathogenic enteric bacteria was studied using an RP4: :mini-Mu element, the plasmid pULB113. From the E. coli K-12 host strain the plasmid could be efficiently transferred to these enteric bacteria, but its transfer back to E. coli K-12 was not as efficient, being detected only in Shigella dysenteriae 1, S. flexneri and the 'smooth' variant of S. sonnei. In these three species, transposition of chromosomal fragments into the plasmid to produce R-prime plasmid was also detected at a frequency of approximately 10(-5). Transposition was random as suggested by the recovery at approximately the same frequency (10(-5) to 10(-6)) of R-primes involving 20 different auxotrophic markers from widely separated chromosomal locations. Formation of R-prime plasmids expressing toxicity in the E. coli K-12 recipient strain was also efficient in S. dysenteriae 1 but the toxin-activity was rapidly lost from these R-primes. In our experiments, the plasmid pULB113 incorporated relatively small amounts of chromosomal DNA as determined by restriction endonuclease digestion. For a Thy+ R-prime that we analyzed, the amount of cloned DNA was approximately 15 kb.