Field trapping of male Phyllonorycter ringoniella using variable ratios of pheromone components |
| |
Authors: | Yongjun Du Ping Li Zhiqun Chen Yanru Lin Yahong Wang Yuanxia Qin |
| |
Institution: | 1. Institute of Health and Environmental Ecology, Wenzhou Medical College, University Park at Chashan Town, , Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035 China;2. National Extension and Service Center of Agricultural Technology, , Beijing, 100125 China;3. Province Station of Plant Protection, , Jinan, Shandong, 250100 China;4. Province Station of Plant Protection, , Xian, Shaanxi, 710003 China;5. Department of Research and Development, NewCon, , Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315860 China |
| |
Abstract: | The sex pheromone of Phyllonorycter ringoniella (Matsumura) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) has been identified to be a blend of (Z)‐10‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z10‐14:OAc) and E4,Z10‐tetradecadienyl acetate (E4,Z10‐14:OAc) in Japan, Korea, and China. However, the commercial product based on previous results is not attractive enough to be used for monitoring and controlling apple leafminer populations in the field. We re‐investigated the attractiveness of the two pheromone components, singly and in blends, in apple orchards in Shangdong and Shaanxi, the main apple‐growing provinces in China. Our results revealed that Z10‐14:OAc alone was not attractive to P. ringoniella male moths in the field, but E4,Z10‐14:OAc alone not only was strongly attractive but caught more males than any of the blends of Z10‐14:OAc and E4,Z10‐14:OAc tested. The most attractive blend ratios differed slightly for the two locations. No clear dose–response relationship was obtained for the 2:8 blend of Z10‐14:OAc and E4,Z10‐14:OAc. However, the dose–response field study of E4,Z10‐14:OAc alone showed that 1 mg per lure achieved the highest moth catch. These findings differ from the previous report of the best pheromone blend in China. Our data showed that E4,Z10‐14:OAc is the major component of the pheromone of P. ringoniella. |
| |
Keywords: | Lepidoptera Gracillariidae sex pheromone (Z)‐10‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z10‐14:OAc) E4 Z10‐tetradecadienyl acetate (E4 Z10‐14:OAc) geographical variation apple leafminer |
|
|