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Study of the tumor microenvironment during breast cancer progression
Authors:Rahil Eftekhari  Rezvan Esmaeili  Reza Mirzaei  Katayoon Bidad  Stacy de Lima  Maryam Ajami  Hedayatollah Shirzad  Jamshid Hadjati  Keivan Majidzadeh-A
Institution:1.Department of Immunology, School of Medicine,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran;2.Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute,ACECR,Tehran,Iran;3.Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran;4.Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology,University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine,Calgary,Canada;5.Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences,Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran,Iran;6.Medical Plants Research Center,Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences,Shahrekord,Iran
Abstract:

Background

Different cells and mediators in the tumor microenvironment play important roles in the progression of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of the microenvironment during tumor progression in order to discover new related biomarkers and potentials for targeted therapy.

Methods

In this study, breast cancer biopsies from four different stages, and control breast biopsies were collected. Then, the mRNA expression of several markers related to different CD4+ T cell subsets including regulatory T cells (Treg), T helper (Th) type 1, 2 and 17 were determined. In addition, we investigated the expression of two inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and inflammatory mediators including FASL, IDO, SOCS1, VEGF, and CCR7.

Results

The results showed that the expression of Th1 and Th17 genes was decreased in tumor tissues compared to control tissues. In addition, we found that the gene expression related to these two cell subsets decreased during cancer progression. Moreover, the expression level of TNF-α increased with tumor progression.

Conclusion

We conclude that the expression of genes related to immune response and inflammation is different between tumor tissues and control tissues. In addition, this difference was perpetuated through the different stages of cancer.
Keywords:
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