Aflatoxin accumulation in preharvest maize kernels: Interaction of three fungal species,european corn borer and two hybrids |
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Authors: | E B Lillehoj W F Kwolek W D Guthrie D Barry W W McMillian N W Widstrom |
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Institution: | (1) Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dep. Agric., P.O. Box 19687, 70179 New Orleans, LA;(2) Northern Regional Research Center, USDA, 61604 Peoria, IL;(3) Corn Insects Res., USDA, 50021 Ankeny, IA;(4) Crops Prod. Unit, USDA, 65201 Columbia, MO;(5) Southern Grain Insects Lab., USDA, 31794 Tifton, GA |
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Abstract: | Summary The interaction was studied among: 1) developing maize kernels (Zea mays L.); 2) European Corn Borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner); 3) and three fungal species,Aspergillus flavus Lk. ex Fr.,Penicillium oxalcium Currie and Thom, andFusarium moniliforme Sheld. Two hybrids with varying degrees of resistance to ECB stalk damage were grown in Iowa, Georgia, and Missouri in 1980.
One-half of the plots were hand-infested with ECB egg masses. Fungal spores of individual isolates or combinations of the
three species were introduced into the silk channels of developing ears in designated plots. ECB larvae were subsequently
collected from developing ears. A higher incidence ofA. flavus group isolates was observed in ECB larvae collected from ears that had been inoculated withA. flavus than from insects collected from control ears. Although the resistant hybrid exhibited reduced ECB stalk damage compared
with the susceptible variety, no consistent pattern of hybrid effect on the association betweenA. flavus and ECB was observed at all three locations. Differences in aflatoxin B1 levels in mature kernels from the three locations ranged from 8 ppb in Iowa samples to 419 ppb in Missouri kernels. Conditions
during crop development at the Missouri location were particularly conducive to elevated presence ofA. flavus propagules in ECB larvae, increased ECB-mediated stalk damage, and greater toxin concentration in mature kernels. |
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Keywords: | Aflatoxin Aspergillus flavus Zea mays Ostrinia nubilalis Mycotoxins Naturally-occurring toxins |
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