Growth regulators influence the fatty acid profiles of in vitro induced jojoba somatic embryos |
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Authors: | Mohammed A M Aly Essam A Amer Wasef A Al-Zayadneh Alaa E Negm Eldin |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu-Dhabi, United Arab Emirates;(2) Central Laboratories Unit, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17555, Al-Ain, Abu-Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |
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Abstract: | Inducing somatic embryogensis from jojoba Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider] explants to produce artificial seeds in the laboratory (in vitro) may prove highly profitable, as the seeds
contain a characteristic liquid wax of economic importance in industry, nutrition and medicine. Thus, there is a need to examine
the effect of the factors involved in the in vitro process on the quality and quantity of the synthesized fatty acids in comparison
with those naturally produced in vivo. Immature zygotic embryos and mature leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog
basal medium (MS) supplemented with various levels of 2,4-D, BA and sucrose. Embryogenic calluses developed from the zygotic
embryos and leaf explants over a period of 2–4 weeks with the highest response at 0.4 μM 2,4-D, 2.2/4.4 μM BA and 117 mM sucrose
(4%). Following induction, the zygotic embryo derived somatic embryos developed to the globular, heart, torpedo, and cotyledon
stages. Direct somatic embryogenesis was observed with some of the zygotic embryo explants. Leaf-derived embryogenic calluses
did not mature on any of the maturation/germination media examined up to 4 weeks of culture. Analysis of fatty acids indicated
that the mature seeds are characterized with long chain saturated fatty acids C22:0 behenic Acid. The zygotic embryo-derived
somatic embryos (SE-Z) and leaf-derived somatic embryos (SE-L) are characterized with the induction of the essential polyunsaturated
fatty acid C18:2 (omega-6) linoleic acid, (omega-3) alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), with higher values of long chain saturated
fatty acids C16:0 palmitic acid and monounsaturated fatty acid C18:1 oleic acid. These results indicate that manipulating
the growth regulators in the induction media influenced the fatty acids synthesis and hence the fatty acids profile in jojoba
somatic embryos. |
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Keywords: | Growth regulators Somatic embryogenesis Plant regeneration Simmondsia chinensis Fatty acids |
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