The Role of the Formamide/Zirconia System in the Synthesis of Nucleobases and Biogenic Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
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Authors: | Raffaele Saladino Veronica Neri Claudia Crestini Giovanna Costanzo Michele Graciotti Ernesto Di Mauro |
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Institution: | 1. Dipartimento A.B.A.C., Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy 2. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università “Tor Vergata”, 00133, Rome, Italy 3. Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, CNR, 00185, Rome, Italy 4. Fondazione “Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti”, c/o Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Abstract: | We describe the one-pot synthesis of a large variety of nucleic acid bases and related compounds from formamide in the presence
of zirconium minerals as catalysts. The major products observed are: purine, 2-hydroxy pyrimidine, 5-hydroxy pyrimidine, isocytosine,
adenine, urea, and carbodiimide. The synthesis of low molecular weight amides and carboxylic acid derivatives (intermediates
of extant metabolism) was also observed: glyoxylamide, glycolic-, lactic-, succinic-, oxalic-, fumaric-, and maleic acids.
As the major problem in the origin of informational polymers is the instability of their precursors, we also investigated
the effects of zirconia minerals on the stability of ribooligonucleotides in formamide and in water. The relevance of these
findings with respect to the origin of informational polymers and primordial metabolism is discussed. |
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