Genetic Evaluation of the Efficacy of In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Parashorea chinensis</Emphasis> (Dipterocarpaceae) in Southwestern China |
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Authors: | Qiaoming?Li Email author" target="_blank">Tianhua?HeEmail author Zaifu?Xu |
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Institution: | (1) Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, People's Republic of China;(2) Department of Environmental Biology, Curtin University of Technology, P.O. Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia |
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Abstract: | The majority of research in genetic diversity yields recommendations rather than actual conservation achievements. We assessed
the efficacy of actual in situ and ex situ efforts to conserve Parashorea chinensis (Dipterocarpaceae) against the background of the geographic pattern of genetic variation of this species. Samples from seven
natural populations, including three in a nature reserve, and one ex situ conservation population were studied. Across the
natural populations, 47.8% of RAPD loci were polymorphic; only 20.8% on average varied at the population level. Mean population
genetic diversity was 0.787 within natural populations and 1.410 for the whole species. Significant genetic differentiation
among regions and isolation by distance were present on larger scales (among regions). AMOVA revealed that the majority of
the among-population variation occurred among regions rather than among populations within regions. Regression analysis, Mantel
test, principal coordinates analysis, and cluster analysis consistently demonstrated increasing genetic isolation with increasing
geographic distance. Genetic differentiation within the region was quite low compared to that among regions. Multilocus spatial
autocorrelation analysis of these three populations revealed random distribution of genetic variation in two populations,
but genetic clustering was detected in the third population. The ex situ conserved population contained a medium level of
genetic variation compared with the seven natural populations; it contained 77.1% of the total genetic variation of this species
and 91% of the moderate to high frequency RAPD fragments (f > 0.05). Exclusive bands were detected in natural populations,
but none were found in the ex situ conserved population. The populations protected in the nature reserve contained most of
the genetic variation of the whole species, with 81.4% of the total genetic variation and 95.7% of the fragments with moderate
to high frequency (f > 0.05) of this species conserved. The results show that the ex situ conserved population does not contain
enough genetic variation to meet the need of release in the future, and that more extensive ex situ sampling in natural populations
TY, NP, HK, and MG is needed. The in situ conserved population contains representative genetic variation to maintain long-term
survival and evolutionary processes of P. chinensis. |
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Keywords: | genetic evaluation biodiversity conservation isolation by distance multilocus spatial autocorrelation analysis Parashorea chinensis |
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