力学刺激诱导细胞自噬的研究进展

自噬是细胞重要的自我保护机制,多种伤害性刺激激活的自噬具有维持细胞稳态和正常功能的作用.此外,自噬还参与调控恶性肿瘤、动脉粥样硬化等多种疾病的发生发展过程.体内细胞处于复杂的力学微环境中,力学刺激参与调控细胞自噬,如压力可诱导心肌细胞的自噬、牵张力调控运动系统多种细胞的自噬、流体剪切力可激活血管内皮细胞和肿瘤细胞的自噬.力学刺激诱导的细胞自噬依赖众多信号通路.细胞骨架作为重要的调节因子,不仅参与细胞力学信号转导,同时可参与调控细胞自噬.因此,细胞骨架与力学刺激诱导的细胞自噬密切相关.本文结合最新的研究成果,综述力学刺激对细胞自噬的影响及其分子机制,以期为研究力学刺激对细胞生物学行为的影响提供新的视角,进而为相关疾病的治疗提供新思路和分子靶点.

Research Progress of Cell Autophagy Induced by Mechanical Stress

Autophagy is a significant protective mechanism of the body, which plays a key role in maintaining cell homeostasis and function during the process of coping with harmful stimuli. Additionally, autophagy also participates in regulating the occurrence and development of many diseases, such as malignant tumors and atherosclerosis. Cells are in a complex mechanical microenvironment and a variety of mechanical stimuli can induce autophagy. Stress can induce the autophagy of cardiomyocytes; tension regulates the autophagy of multiple cells in the motor system; and fluid shear stress activates the autophagy of vascular endothelial cells and tumor cells. The cell autophagy induced by mechanical stress relies on various signal pathways. The cytoskeleton, as an important regulatory factor, is not only involved in cell mechanotransduction, but also responsible for the specific process of autophagy. It is demonstrated that the cytoskeleton is closely related to autophagy induced by mechanical stress. In this paper, the effects of mechanical stimulation on autophagy and the underlying molecular mechanism are reviewed in combination with the recent research progress, which is expected to broaden a new prospective for studying the effects of mechanical stress on cell biological behavior and provide new strategies and molecular targets for the treatment of related diseases.