梭梭木虱发生规律及其影响因子

在新疆古尔班通古特沙漠中的梭梭、白梭梭上发现由木虱引起的叶苞状虫瘿,发生率达到90%以上,虫瘿内有4种木虱:异色胖木虱(Caillardia robusta Loginova)、梭梭胖木虱(C. azurea Loginova)、矮胖木虱(C. nana Loginova)和显赫胖木虱(C. notata Loginova),后两种为中国新记录种。木虱在梭梭上1a发生两个高峰,丘间低地发生最为严重,沙丘边缘与砾石荒漠发生量相差不大,在5月中旬和6月中旬达到高峰期;木虱在白梭梭上1a发生两个高峰,低丘比高丘发生严重,阳坡比阴坡发生严重,在6月中旬和7月底8月初达到高峰期。梭梭和白梭梭上树龄越大虫瘿发生越严重。地势、树势、方位及地势、坡面对木虱虫瘿的发生都存在显著性影响,但是它们互作对木虱虫瘿的影响却不大。通过研究古尔班通古特沙漠梭梭和白梭梭上木虱虫瘿的发生规律及其与周边环境的关系,为保护荒漠生态环境提供依据。

The occurrence regularity of psyllid in Haloxylon spp and its influencing factors

The leafy-bracted galls were observed in the Haloxylon ammodendron and H. persicum in the Gurbantunggut Desert of Xinjiang. Its incidence rate was above 90% which was caused by four species of psyllids: Caillardia robusta, C. azurea, C. nana and C. notata respectively, and the latter two species were newly recorded from China. There were two incidence peaks of Haloxylon spp every year, respectively in the mid-May and mid-June in H. ammodendron and in mid-May and late July to early August in H. persicum. The occurrence amount of psyllids in H. ammodendron was the most serious at interdune and there was no much significance between dunes edges and gravel desert; The occurrence amount of psyllids in H. persicum was more serious at low dunes than that at high dunes, and sunny slope than shady slope. Incidence rate of the galls increased along with the tree-ages. Topography, tree vigour, direction and topography*slope have significant influences on the occurrence of psyllids, but their interactions have no apparent effects on the galls. The occurrence regularity of psyllids in H.ammodendron and H.persicum and psyllids' relations with surrounding environment in the Gurbantunggut Desert were studied in this paper, which provide a basis for protecting desert ecological environments.