Rates of breathing values and kinetics of respiration response in critical patterns of muscular activity in middle and long distance running

In elite runners, the ventilation influx, ventilation debt, and ventilation demand of the exercises were calculated on the basis of the pulmonary respiration dynamics during the maximum workout and recovery. The breathing values proved to closely reproduce the changes in the main parameters of oxygen demand at high intensity and duration of the exercise and can be used for quantification and standardization of exercise loads in sports. Three important factors of the aerobic exchange in the body were found to ensure the high level of the sports achievements in running: (1) general increase in the level of pulmonary ventilation (VE), oxygen demand (VO₂), and release of carbon dioxide (CO₂); (2) intensity of oxygen supply from lungs to the working muscles; (3) the rate of oxygenation (StO₂) and total rate of blood circulation.