Optimization of a simple field method to determine mercury volatilization from soils—Examples of 13 sites in floodplain ecosystems at the Elbe River (Germany) |
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| Authors: | Jörg Rinklebe Anja During Mark Overesch Rainer Wennrich Hans-Joachim Stärk Sibylle Mothes Heinz-Ulrich Neue |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Wuppertal, Department D, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany;2. UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Chemistry, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;3. University of Cologne, Department of Geography, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany;4. UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;1. College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 (China);2. Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 (China);1. Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Pre?ov, 17. novembra 1, 081 16 Pre?ov, Slovak Republic;2. Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Raymanova 1, 080 01 Pre?ov, Slovak Republic;1. University of Wuppertal, Department D, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany;2. University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt;1. Department of Environmental Geochemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro São João Baptista, s/n., Centro, 24020-007 Niterói, RJ, Brazil;2. ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Boettgerstr. 2-14, D-65439 Flörsheim/Main, Germany;3. Embrapa Cerrados, BR 020 km. 18, Rodovia Brasília/Fortaleza, 73310-970 Planaltina, DF, Brazil;4. Embrapa Agrobiology, BR 465 km. 7, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil;1. Department of Agronomy, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18055 Rostock, Germany;2. Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Mercury fluxes between soil and atmosphere have often been determined by using dynamic flux chambers and micrometeorological methods to assess ecological risks. However, both systems are complex, stationary, and expensive impeding measurements of Hg emissions at various field sites.The mobile, easy to handle, and cost-effective field method to determine total gaseous mercury (TGM), according to Böhme, F., Rinklebe, J., Stärk, H.-J., Wennrich, R., Mothes, S., Neue, H.-U., 2005. A simple field method to determine mercury volatilisation from soils. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. (ESPR), 12: 133–135] creates a drop in air pressure that enhance the Hg emission. We optimized the sampling set-up using an air circulation system resulting in a continuous air flow over the soil surface. Thus, a drop in air pressure can be avoided and the detected TGM emissions are closer to reality. Additional benefits are an in-ground cylinder which inhibits lateral flow of gaseous mercury and the reduced size of the glass socket facilitating handling.To test the suitability of the optimized method, TGM emissions have been quantified on a set of Hg-contaminated riverine soils. Compared with non-polluted soils, mean Hg fluxes were strongly increased (between 138 and 711 ng m?2 h?1) and showed high spatial heterogeneity. Due to impacts of multiple environmental conditions that affect TGM emissions, no significant correlations have been found between Hg stocks in bulk soils and Hg fluxes. |
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