Hydrological changes in the northern Pantanal caused by the Manso dam: Impact analysis and suggestions for mitigation |
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| Authors: | Peter Zeilhofer Rubem Mauro de Moura |
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| Institution: | 1. Centro de Estudos em Limnologia, Biodiversidade e Etnobiologia do Pantanal, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Mato Grosso, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Traçadores, IBCCF, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;3. Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA—CSIC), Barcelona, Spain;1. Graduate Program in Ecology of Inland Water Ecosystems, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil;2. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA;3. Graduate Program in Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil;4. Laboratory of Paleoenvironmental Studies, State University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil;5. Department of Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-CPAN, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil;6. Embrapa Pantanal, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil;1. Department of Geography, University of Victoria, PO Box 3060 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8V3R4, Canada;2. Embrapa-Pantanal, PO Box 109, Corumbá, MS 79320-900, Brazil;1. Environmental Hydraulics Institute “IH Cantabria of Universidad de Cantabria”, C/ Isabel Torres n°15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain;2. Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;3. CURE-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay-UDELAR, Tacuarembó s/n, Maldonado, Uruguay;4. Universidad de Cantabria, Escuela de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Av/ Los Castros, s/n. 39012, Santander, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Since 1999, the Manso hydropower plant has been regulating the Cuiabá River, which is one of the two main affluents of the northern Pantanal of Mato Grosso, responsible for the flooding of at least 20,000 km2 of the world's greatest floodplain. Since the initiation of regular reservoir operation in 2002, discharge at the beginning of the wet season (November–December) has been reduced by about 20%. Current power plant operation increases dry-season discharges from about 100 m3/s to 150 m3/s, resulting in water levels approximately 1 m above those recorded before regulation. Rainy season runoff higher than 400 m3/s is retained in about 6 weeks and the period of drying up is anticipated. Hydrograph analysis in conjunction with a planialtimetric field survey determined that discharge of 240 m3/s is the minimum required to initiate flooding in the Pantanal in the northern Cuiabá River floodplain, while runoff of 355 m3/s is necessary to guarantee consistent flooding of the same. Constrained by positive linear trends in precipitation and discharge, which were detected through a time series analysis of a 68-year period, two reoperation alternatives are proposed, which would not reduce mass balance of power generation, but can guarantee river overflow during the months November through May, minimizing the impact on ecological functions of the floodplain. |
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