Dynamics of Typha latifolia L. populations in treatment wetlands in Estonia |
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| Authors: | Martin Maddison Tõnu Mauring Kalle Remm Merje Lesta Ülo Mander |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, Tartu 51014, Estonia;2. Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 1 Nooruse Street, Tartu 50411, Estonia;1. Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Canada;2. Departamento de Biologia Aplicada y Alimentos, FAUBA, Argentina;3. Devonian Botanic Garden, Alberta, Canada;1. Pollution Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;2. Centre for Environmental Science and Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;1. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway;2. Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Mailbox 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway;3. Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research WasserCluster Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria;1. Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Nazaré 66055-090 Belém, Pará, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Geociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica. Av. Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil;3. Independent Geologist & Pres., Geocon Environmental Consulting, London, ON, N6G3H9, Canada;4. Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Laboratório C-14, Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil;5. Gerência de Meio Ambiente-Minas de Carajás, Departamento de Ferrosos Norte, Estrada Raymundo Mascarenhas, S/N Mina de N4, 68516-000, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil;6. Centro de Isótopos Estáveis, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior s/n, 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to evaluate and compare broadleaved cattail (Typha latifolia L.) biomass production and the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content in phytomass in three treatment wetland systems and to propose suitable areas for treatment wetlands in Estonia for raw material production. The biomass samples (roots/rhizomes, shoots with leaves and spadixes) and litter were collected from 1 m × 1 m plots—15 plots in the Tänassilma semi-natural wetland, 15 plots in the Põltsamaa free water surface (FWS) constructed wetland (CW), and 10 plots in the Häädemeeste FWS CW. The average aboveground biomass of T. latifolia varied from 0.37 to 1.76 kg DW m?2 in autumn and from 0.33 to 1.38 kg DW m?2 in winter. The greatest average nitrogen (22,950 mg N kg?1) concentration was found in spadixes in 2002, and the phosphorus (6500 mg P kg?1) concentration was measured in roots–rhizomes in 2003. Average standing stock of nitrogen and phosphorus was higher in aboveground than belowground phytomass. In FWS CWs with high hydraulic and nutrient loadings, however, the harvesting of aboveground biomass is not an effective means for the removal of nutrients. Cattail biomass is a valuable insulation material, whereas the fibre from spadixes mixed with clay gives elasticity to clay plasters. According to our estimates, about 5412 km2 could be used for Typha cultivation in Estonia. |
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