花生抗旱性鉴定指标的筛选与评价

为确定鉴定花生(Arachis hypogaea)品种(系)抗旱性指标体系, 综合评价花生品种(系)的抗旱性, 在人工控水条件下, 通过盆栽试验, 测定了29个花生品种(系)苗期和花针期的株高、分枝数、生物累积量、叶片含水量和光合色素含量等与抗旱性有关的13个表观形态性状和生理性状的指标, 采用抗旱系数法和隶属函数值法, 对各指标性状进行了水分胁迫下的抗性评价和鉴定。结果表明, 29个花生品种(系)可划分为抗旱性较强、中等、较弱和不抗旱4类, 其中‘唐科8号’、‘冀花2号’、‘大唐油’、‘花育25号’、‘花育17号’、‘鲁花14号’、‘丰花1号’ 7个品种(系)具有较强的抗旱能力; 苗期同一品种(系)的主茎高、分枝数和生物累积量等形态指标和光合色素等生理指标的隶属函数值均有较大差别, 苗期各指标隶属函数值与品种(系)抗旱性无显著相关关系, 苗期单一形态指标不能作为鉴定品种(系)抗旱性的指标; 但苗期抗旱性综合评价值(D)与抗旱系数间存在显著相关关系, D的大小可作为抗旱性的鉴定指标。花针期形态指标和生理指标D值间, 以及各类指标D值与抗旱系数间均存在显著或极显著的相关关系, 此期植株形态指标、生理指标隶属函数值以及综合D值均可作为鉴定品种(系)抗旱性的指标。

Estimating and screening of drought resistance indexes of peanut

Aims Our objective was to define an index of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) drought resistance and comprehensively evaluate drought resistance of peanut varieties under controlled water conditions. Methods The experiment was conducted on the farm of Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Science with 29 peanut varieties. Two levels of water content (80%–85% and 45%–50% of field moisture capacity) were used in a randomized complete block design with four replications. We measured 13 morphological and physiological characters such as plant height, branch numbers, biomass, leaf water content and photosynthetic pigment content in seedling and pod-pin stages. Important findings The 29 peanut cultivars can divided into four classes: high-, mid- and low-tolerant cultivars and intolerant cultivars. The high-tolerant cultivars included ‘Tangke 8’, ‘Jihua 2’, ‘Datangyou’, ‘Huayu 25’, ‘Huayu 17’, ‘Luhua 14’ and ‘Fenghua 1’. Subordinate function values of the morphological indexes including main stem height, branch number and biomass, and photosynthetic pigments contents of the same cultivars at seedling stage were different. In addition, the subordinate function value of the seedling stage was unrelated to drought resistance, so a single physiological index cannot be used to identify the drought resistance of peanut. But the values drought resistance comprehensive evaluation (D) of physiological indexes were significantly related to drought resistance and can be used to identify the drought resistance of peanut. At the pod-pin stage, the D values of morphological indexes and physiological indexes were both significantly related to drought resistance, so the subordinate function value and D value of morphological indexes and physiological indexes at this stage can serve as indexes for identifying peanut drought resistance.