几类异质小麦雄性不育系育性恢复性的细胞遗传学研究

系统调查了4类异质(粘果、易变、偏凸、二角山羊草细胞质)1BL/lRS、非1BL/1RS小麦雄性不育系与其恢复系杂种F减数分裂中期Ⅰ出现单价体细胞频率,以及后期Ⅰ出现落后染色体和染色体桥细胞频率,并对中、后期染色体变异率与杂种F自交结实率进行了相关分析.结果表明(1)1BL/1RS型杂种在中期Ⅰ、后期Ⅰ染色体变异率要明显高于非1BL/1RS杂种;(2)4类异源细胞质在非1BL/1RS杂种中有着明显提高单价体细胞频率的作用;(3)在1BL/1RS杂种中,1B@1BL/1RS杂合核型染色体联会松弛,对单价体频率的影响远大于异源细胞质的影响;(4)1BL/1RS型杂种自交结实率与中期出现单价体细胞频率不直接相关,而与后期出现落后染色体和染色体桥细胞的频率呈高度负相关;(5)非1BL/1RS型杂种在减数分裂中、后期染色体行为相对稳定,易恢复且恢复度高,很有实际利用价值.

The Cytogenetical Studies of Fertility Restoration of Some Male Sterile Lines of Alloplasmic Wheat

The frequency of cells with univalent (FCU) at MI and with lagging chromosomes and chromosomal bridge (FCLB) at A I in PMC of F1 hybrids of 4 alloplasmic 1BL: / 1RS and non-1BL / 1RS wheat male sterile lines with Aegilops kotschyi,Ae. variabilis, Ae. ventricosa and Ae. bicornis cytoplasms were systematically investigated,and the relationship between FCU at M I, FCLB at A I and F1 selfed seed set was analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) The frequency of abnormal chromosomes at M I and A I was higher in 1BL/ 1RS hybrids than in non-1BL/ 1RS hybrids; (2) 4 alien cytoplasms had positive effects on the FCU at M I in non-1BL/ 1RS hybrids; (3) The effect of 1B. 1BL / 1RS hetero-nucleus on meiosis was more obvious than that of alien cytoplasms in 1BL/1RS hybrids; (4) The selfed seed set of 1BL/ 1RS hybrids was not correlated to FCU, but was negatively correlated to FCLB; (5) The chromosomes' deeds at meiosis was more steady in non-1BL / 1RS hybrids than in 1BL/1RS hybrids. The non-1BL/RS hybrids were easy to restore and restoring degree was high, and they had good prospects to be used.