我国灵长类的现状与保护

近些年来,国际上愈来愈认识到灵长类动物资源保护的重要性,在自然保护和拯救濒危物种方面作了种种努力。由于长期以来,人类对灵长类动物滥加捕杀和不合理的开发自然,特别是对于森林的毁坏,导致了栖息地的急剧改变,已使许多种类处于濒临灭绝的境地(Thorington,1974a,1974b,1978a,1978b)。国际自然与自然资源保护联盟编汇的红皮书（Red Data Book）录列了41种（亚种）属不同程度濒危种。濒危动植物种国际贸易公约（CITES）甚至已将全部灵长类分别列入国际间严禁或控制进出口贸易的名录之中。

ON THE RECENT STATUS AND CONSERVATION OF PRIMATES IN CHINA

In his summary of discussions on primate conservation at the Symposia of the 5th Congress of the International Primatological Society, 1974, Dr. R. W. Thorington, Jr., stated that there is need for more information on the present distribution and abundance of wild primate populations.He mentioned that almost no recent information could be located for fifteen species in Asia. Among them, nine species including the gold monkey ( Rhinopithecus roxellanae) are mainly or partically distributed in China. This paper presents some recent information on the primate conservation in China inorder to fill some particular gaps and/or to afford some requested information.Although all the primates have been considered as protected species of wildlife in various categories since 1962, they are still far from well protected. The major pooblems are due to the deforestration as well as over exploitatiou in last two to three decades. Some data presented in the text ( Table2 ) show the serious situation on these two aspects.Among the fifteen species of the Chinese primates ( Table 1 ) , the nominal subspecies of the gold monkey ( Rhinopithecus r. roxellanae) Iives in a quite well conditions in nature, while the Kweichow subspecies (R. r. brelichi ) is one of the most endangered wildlife because its extremely limited range were further constricted in the past years. Habitat destruction have caused Nycticebus coucang, pygathrix nemaeus, presbytis spp. and Hylobates spp. to be threatened to extinct. Through intensive exploitation, Macaco spp. have been reduced in its population size in the vast area of its distributional range. There are only two small relict populations of M. mulatto in Shansi and Hopei reaching as far as lat. 41°N. But it had a wide distribution in northern China as indicated in the historical literature.Some most important measures including strengthening the civil education of conservation and emphasizing the preservation of habitats of primates particularly those of most endangered are proposed in the paper.