Photobactericidal activity of phenothiazinium dyes against methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus |
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| Authors: | M Wainwright D.A Phoenix S.L Laycock D.R.A Wareing P.A Wright |
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| Affiliation: | Photochemotherapy Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK;Photochemotherapy Group, Department of Applied Biology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK;Public Health Laboratory, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston PR2 4HT, UK |
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| Abstract: | The photodynamic antibacterial properties of a closely related series of phenothiazinium dyes were tested against several pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus, four of which were methicillin-resistant. Illumination of the photosensitisers at a fluence rate of 1.75 mW cm−2 generally resulted in the enhancement of antibacterial activity in liquid culture and in greater efficacy than the methicillin analogue flucloxacillin. For methylene blue, dimethyl methylene blue and new methylene blue illumination led to increases in bactericidal activity ≤16-fold, typically 4-fold. In addition, dimethyl methylene blue and new methylene blue were active against epidemic strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at concentrations lower than that of vancomycin (≥0.5 μM). |
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| Keywords: | Photobactericide Phenothiazinium Photodynamic Staphylococcus aureus Drug resistance Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
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