Daily activity rhythm of desert omni-seasonal Tenebrionid beetles, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigonoscelis gigas</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">T. sublaevicollis</Emphasis> (Coleoptera,Tenebrionidae) in constant darkness and under alternating 1-hour pulses of light and darkness

In the Karakum Desert (Turkmenistan) the beetles Trigonoscelis gigas are only active in the morning and evening while T. sublaevicollis are strictly nocturnal, regardless of the season and weather. The daily activity rhythm of T. gigas and T. sublaevicollis was studied in the laboratory according to the following pattern: 5 days under a light-darkness cycle of 15: 9 h (LD 15: 9), then 10 days in constant darkness (DD), and then 10 more days under alternating 1-h pulses of light and darkness (LD 1: 1). The temperature was 25°C in all the modes. At LD 15: 9, beetles of both species maintained a 24-h period and a natural pattern of the activity rhythm. In DD, the circadian rhythm ran with a period of 23.5 ± 0.3 h (n = 40) in T. gigas and 23.6 ± 0.4 h (n = 40) in T. sublaevicollis. At DD, the morning and evening activity peaks of T. gigas merged to form a rhythm with only one peak. Under LD 1: 1, both T. gigas and T. sublaevicollis recovered a 24-h period of the rhythm, while the rhythm of T. gigas regained the two-peak structure. Our research confirmed the assumption of Tshernyshev (1980) about the 24-h period of the free-running endogenous rhythm and the distorting effect of constant conditions on this rhythm.