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A functional test of Neandertal and modern human mitochondrial targeting sequences |
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| Authors: | Gralle Matthias Schäfer Ingo Seibel Peter Pääbo Svante |
| Institution: | a Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil b Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany c Department of Molecular Cell Therapy, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany |
| Abstract: | Targeting of nuclear-encoded proteins to different organelles, such as mitochondria, is a process that can result in the redeployment of proteins to new intracellular destinations during evolution. With the sequencing of the Neandertal genome, it has become possible to identify amino acid substitutions that occurred on the modern human lineage since its separation from the Neandertal lineage. Here we analyze the function of two substitutions in mitochondrial targeting sequences that occurred and rose to high frequency recently during recent human evolution. The ancestral and modern versions of the two targeting sequences do not differ in the efficiency with which they direct a protein to the mitochondria, an observation compatible with the neutral theory of molecular evolution. |
| Keywords: | Neandertal Mitochondrial transit peptide Mitochondrial import SNP Neutral evolution |
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