The evolution and diversification of sleep |
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| Institution: | 1. Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence (in foundation), Seewiesen, Germany;1. Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA;2. Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9EJ, UK;1. Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, TX, USA;2. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de las Huastecas \"Aguazarca\", Calnali, Hidalgo, Mexico;3. Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy;1. Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;2. Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;1. Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Università Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy;2. Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, USA;3. MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;4. Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;5. Research Institute in Biodiversity (IrBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;1. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;1. Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands;3. Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Science (GELIFES), University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | The evolutionary origins of sleep and its sub-states, rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep, found in mammals and birds, remain a mystery. Although the discovery of a single type of sleep in jellyfish suggests that sleep evolved much earlier than previously thought, it is unclear when and why sleep diversified into multiple types of sleep. Intriguingly, multiple types of sleep have recently been found in animals ranging from non-avian reptiles to arthropods to cephalopods. Although there are similarities between these states and those found in mammals and birds, notable differences also exist. The diversity in the way sleep is expressed confounds attempts to trace the evolution of sleep states, but also serves as a rich resource for exploring the functions of sleep. |
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