The metamicrobiome: key determinant of the homeostasis of nutrient recycling |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands;3. Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Science (GELIFES), University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands;1. Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, TX, USA;2. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de las Huastecas "Aguazarca", Calnali, Hidalgo, Mexico;3. Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy;1. UBC Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4;2. BC Ministry of Environment, Vancouver, B.C., Canada;3. Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Canada, R3T 2N6;4. Institute National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, Canada, G1K 9A9;5. ESSA Technologies, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6H 3H4;6. Office of the Chief Scientist, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6H 4P2;7. Alberta Environment and Parks, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 4P2;8. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6;9. Central Coast Indigenous Resource Alliance, Campbell River, BC, Canada, V9A 4X1;1. CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France;2. School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia;3. Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, UK;4. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia;5. Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia;6. Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia;7. School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK;8. Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK;9. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia;10. Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Mount Masada, Tamar Regional Council, Israel;11. Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat, Israel;12. Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany;1. Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence (in foundation), Seewiesen, Germany;1. Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845-2258, USA;2. Environment and Society, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-5215, USA;1. Department of Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA |
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| Abstract: | The metamicrobiome is an integrated concept to study carbon and nutrient recycling in ecosystems. Decomposition of plant-derived matter by free-living microbes and fire – two key recycling pathways – are highly sensitive to global change. Mutualistic associations of microbes with plants and animals strongly reduce this sensitivity. By solving a fundamental allometric trade-off between metabolic and homeostatic capacity, these mutualisms enable continued recycling of plant matter where and when conditions are unfavourable for the free-living microbiome. A diverse metamicrobiome – where multiple plant- and animal-associated microbiomes complement the free-living microbiome – thus enhances homeostasis of ecosystem recycling rates in variable environments. Research into metamicrobiome structure and functioning in ecosystems is therefore important for progress towards understanding environmental change. |
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