Structural Basis for a Bispecific NADP+ and CoA Binding Site in an Archaeal Malonyl-Coenzyme A Reductase |
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Authors: | Ulrike Demmer Eberhard Warkentin Ankita Srivastava Daniel Kockelkorn Markus P?tter Achim Marx Georg Fuchs Ulrich Ermler |
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Affiliation: | From the ‡Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.;§Mikrobiologie Institut für Biologie II, Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, and ;¶Evonik Industries AG, D-45128 Essen, Germany |
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Abstract: | Autotrophic members of the Sulfolobales (crenarchaeota) use the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle to assimilate CO2 into cell material. The product of the initial acetyl-CoA carboxylation with CO2, malonyl-CoA, is further reduced to malonic semialdehyde by an NADPH-dependent malonyl-CoA reductase (MCR); the enzyme also catalyzes the reduction of succinyl-CoA to succinic semialdehyde onwards in the cycle. Here, we present the crystal structure of Sulfolobus tokodaii malonyl-CoA reductase in the substrate-free state and in complex with NADP+ and CoA. Structural analysis revealed an unexpected reaction cycle in which NADP+ and CoA successively occupy identical binding sites. Both coenzymes are pressed into an S-shaped, nearly superimposable structure imposed by a fixed and preformed binding site. The template-governed cofactor shaping implicates the same binding site for the 3′- and 2′-ribose phosphate group of CoA and NADP+, respectively, but a different one for the common ADP part: the β-phosphate of CoA aligns with the α-phosphate of NADP+. Evolution from an NADP+ to a bispecific NADP+ and CoA binding site involves many amino acid exchanges within a complex process by which constraints of the CoA structure also influence NADP+ binding. Based on the paralogous aspartate-β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase structurally characterized with a covalent Cys-aspartyl adduct, a malonyl/succinyl group can be reliably modeled into MCR and discussed regarding its binding mode, the malonyl/succinyl specificity, and the catalyzed reaction. The modified polypeptide surrounding around the absent ammonium group in malonate/succinate compared with aspartate provides the structural basis for engineering a methylmalonyl-CoA reductase applied for biotechnical polyester building block synthesis. |
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Keywords: | Biotechnology Coenzyme A Crystal Structure Enzyme Mechanisms Nicotinamide |
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