1H NMR-Based Metabolite Profiling of Planktonic and Biofilm Cells in Acinetobacter baumannii 1656-2 |
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Authors: | Jinki Yeom Ji-Hyun Shin Ji-Young Yang Jungmin Kim Geum-Sook Hwang |
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Affiliation: | 1. Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; 2. Department of Microbiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.; 3. Department of Pharmacology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.; 4. Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.; Imperial College London, United Kingdom, |
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Abstract: | Acinetobacter baumannii is an aerobic and gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that is resistant to most antibiotics. Recently, A. baumannii 1656-2 exhibited the ability to form biofilms under clinical conditions. In this study, global metabolite profiling of both planktonic and biofilm forms of A. baumannii 1656-2 was performed using high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis to investigate the metabolic patterns leading to biofilm formation. Principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plots showed a distinct separation between planktonic and biofilm cells. Metabolites including acetates, pyruvate, succinate, UDP-glucose, AMP, glutamate, and lysine were increasingly involved in the energy metabolism of biofilm formation. In particular, the ratio of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) to D-glucosamine (GlcNH2) was significantly higher during biofilm formation than under the planktonic condition. This study demonstrates that NMR-based global metabolite profiling of bacterial cells can provide valuable insight into the metabolic changes in multidrug resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria such as A. baumannii 1656-2. |
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