Functions of Noncoding RNAs in Neural Development and Neurological Diseases |
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Authors: | Shan Bian Tao Sun |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, Box 60, New York, NY 10065, USA; |
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Abstract: | The development of the central nervous system (CNS) relies on precisely orchestrated gene expression regulation. Dysregulation
of both genetic and environmental factors can affect proper CNS development and results in neurological diseases. Recent studies
have shown that similar to protein coding genes, noncoding RNA molecules have a significant impact on normal CNS development
and on causes and progression of human neurological disorders. In this review, we have highlighted discoveries of functions
of noncoding RNAs, in particular microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, in neural development and neurological diseases. Emerging
evidence has shown that microRNAs play an essential role in many aspects of neural development, such as proliferation of neural
stem cells and progenitors, neuronal differentiation, maturation, and synaptogenesis. Misregulation of microRNAs is associated
with some mental disorders and neurodegeneration diseases. In addition, long noncoding RNAs are found to play a role in neural
development by regulating the expression of protein coding genes. Therefore, examining noncoding RNA-mediated gene regulations
has revealed novel mechanisms of neural development and provided new insights into the etiology of human neurological diseases. |
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