Molecular resolution of the systematics of a problematic group of fishes (Teleostei: Osmeridae) and evidence for morphological homoplasy |
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| Authors: | Katriina L Ilves Eric B Taylor |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;2. National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, No. 2, Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan;3. Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana;4. Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;1. Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic;2. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic;3. Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore;4. Rue des Rauraques 6, 2800 Delémont, Switzerland;1. Marine Biology Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Resource Management, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO), Tehran, Iran;3. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;1. National Fisheries University, 2-7-1 Nagata-honmachi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 759-6595, Japan;2. Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark;3. Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia;4. Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Science, Karakalpak Branch of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Nukus, Uzbekistan;5. Sang Myung University, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea;6. Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 25 Beisihuan Xilu, Haidian, Beijing 100080, PR China;7. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya Emb. no. 1., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;8. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;9. Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan;10. Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Relationships among the species of Northern Hemisphere smelts (family Osmeridae) have long been debated in the fish systematics literature. Eight independent studies based on morphological characters failed to reach any consensus on osmerid interrelationships. We reconstruct the osmerid phylogeny based on DNA sequence data from three mitochondrial (cytb, 16S, 12S) and three nuclear (ITS2, S71, RAG1) gene regions from multiple individuals of the 14 species in 6 genera, using the Japanese ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) as the outgroup. Analyses with different combinations of nuclear and mitochondrial datasets yielded a generally well-resolved phylogeny of the genera that conflicts with previous hypotheses of osmerid interrelationships, and Shimodaira–Hasegawa tests suggest our topology with the current molecular dataset is significantly better than earlier reconstructions. In addition, mapping 114 morphological characters used in previous studies onto our phylogeny shows widespread homoplasy, which is likely the source of the systematic disagreement produced in earlier works. |
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