室内饲养的红火蚁工蚁毒腺生物碱含量动态分析

【目的】分析红火蚁 Solenopsis invicta 工蚁在室内长时间饲养时，体内生物碱主要成分的含量变化。【方法】每10 d取0.5 g红火蚁工蚁用正己烷溶剂浸提48 h，浸提液通过硅胶柱分离，经气相色谱（GC）和气相色谱 质谱联用仪（GC-MS）鉴定其生物碱的主要成分，并用外标法测其生物碱各个主要成分的含量。【结果】红火蚁工蚁体内生物碱主要成分为9种顺式生物碱和5种反式生物碱，并测出90 d内这14种化合物在红火蚁工蚁体内的含量变化。其中，反式生物碱2-甲基-6-（4′-十三烯）哌啶的含量最高，第1天为3 391.57 μg/g，90 d后为556.70 μg/g；顺式生物碱2-甲基-6-十五烷基哌啶的含量最低，第1天为10.27 μg/g，90 d后为2.93 μg/g。【结论】红火蚁工蚁在室内长时间饲养时，体内生物碱的含量开始时持续下降，当生物碱含量下降到一个极低的水平后，基本不再变化，处于平衡状态。结合室内饲养时红火蚁工蚁死亡情况，可推测出当红火蚁蚁巢中生物碱含量很低时，蚁巢中体型较大的工蚁数量会比较少。

Dynamic analysis of venomous alkaloids in workers of the red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) maintained in the laboratory

【Aim】 To assess the dynamic changes in the main components of venomous alkaloid in workers of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta maintained indoors over a long time. 【Methods】 Every 10 days, 0.5 g fire ant workers were taken from a laboratory-maintained colony and extracted 48 h with hexane solvent. The main components of venomous alkaloid in the extract were prepared by silica gel column chromatography and identified using GC-MS. The quantity of each major alkaloid component was measured with the external standard method. 【Results】 The fire ant worker extract was mainly composed of 9 cis alkaloids and 5 trans alkaloids, and these 14 compounds were quantified every 10 days for 90 d. Among these compounds, the content of trans-2-methyl-6-(4′-tridecenyl) piperidine was the highest, which was 3 391.57μg/g on the 1st day, and then decreased to 556.70 μg/g on the 90th day. The content of cis 2-methyl-6-pentadecylpiperidine was the lowest, which was 10.27 μg/g on the 1st day, and 2.93 μg/g on the 90th day. 【Conclusion】 When the fire ant workers are maintained in the laboratory, the contents of venomous alkaloid components first decrease continuously to a very low level, and then sustain at this level. Combined the death of the fire ant workers in the laboratory, it can be inferred that when the alkaloid content in the fire ant nest is quite low, the number of the large size workers in the nest will be very few.