Phenological changes in the Northwestern Mediterranean copepods <Emphasis Type="Italic">Centropages typicus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Temora stylifera</Emphasis> linked to climate forcing |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Juan?Carlos?MolineroEmail author Fréderic?Ibanez Sami?Souissi Marina?Chifflet Paul?Nival |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Station Zoologique-BP 28, 06234 Villefranche-sur-mer, France;(2) Ecosystem Complexity Research Group, Station Marine, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille CNRS - UMR 8013 ELICO, 28 avenue Foch, BP 80, 62930 Wimereux, France;(3) Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Ocean Science Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 850, route de la Mer, P.O. Box 1000, Mont-Joli, Québec, Canada |
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Abstract: | Planktonic copepods play a major role in the fluxes of matter and energy in the marine ecosystem, provide a biological pump
of carbon into the deep ocean, and play a role in determining fish recruitment. Owing to such ecological considerations, it
is essential to understand the role that climate might play in the interannual variability of these organisms and the mechanisms
by which it could modify the ecosystem functioning. In this study, a causal chain of meteorological, hydrological and ecological
processes linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) was identified in the Ligurian Sea, Northwestern Mediterranean. The
forcing by the NAO drives most of the hydro-climatic variability during winter and early spring. Subsequently, interannual
and decadal changes of the dominant copepods Centropages typicus and Temora stylifera were significantly correlated to the state of the hydro-climatic signal and tightly coupled to the NAO. Direct and indirect
effects whose influence promoted phenological changes in the two copepod populations drove the species’ responses to climatic
forcing. Opposite responses of the analysed species were also highlighted by these results. While years characterized by the
positive phase of the NAO leads to enhancement of the strength and the forward move of the C. typicus peak, they act negatively on the annual cycle of T. stylifera, the abundance of which drops twofold and the annual peak appears delayed in time. In contrast, low NAO years lead to high
abundance of T. stylifera and a forward timing of its peak, and acts in turn negatively on the C. typicus annual cycle in both abundance (low) and timing (delayed). Owing to the synchronism between hydro-climatic conditions and
the NAO, and the major role of these species in the pelagic ecosystem of the studied area, these results provide key elements
for interpreting and forecasting decadal changes of planktonic populations in the Ligurian Sea. |
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Keywords: | NAO Mediterranean Life history Centropages typicus Temora stylifera |
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