Sup35 methionine oxidation is a trigger for de novo [PSI+] prion formation

ABSTRACT. The molecular basis by which fungal and mammalian prions arise spontaneously is poorly understood. A number of different environmental stress conditions are known to increase the frequency of yeast [PSI⁺] prion formation in agreement with the idea that conditions which cause protein misfolding may promote the conversion of normally soluble proteins to their amyloid forms. A recent study from our laboratory has shown that the de novo formation of the [PSI⁺] prion is significantly increased in yeast mutants lacking key antioxidants suggesting that endogenous reactive oxygen species are sufficient to promote prion formation. Our findings strongly implicate oxidative damage of Sup35 as an important trigger for the formation of the heritable [PSI⁺] prion in yeast. This review discusses the mechanisms by which the direct oxidation of Sup35 might lead to structural transitions favoring conversion to the transmissible amyloid-like form. This is analogous to various environmental factors which have been proposed to trigger misfolding of the mammalian prion protein (PrP^C) into the aggregated scrapie form (PrP^Sc).