广东省地方稻种品质性状表型多样性及其形成的生态因子分析

（广东省农业科学院水稻研究所，广州 510640） 摘要 为了进一步完善广东地方稻种资源的鉴定评价，并为该资源在水稻品质育种中的有效利用提供科学依据，我们以国家作物种质库编目的2974份广东地方稻种为研究对象，其9个品质性状数据为基础，研究了广东地方稻种品质性状的区域分布特点，并对总体和不同稻作区品质性状多样性进行了比较分析.同时对部分生态因子与品质性状的相关性进行了初探。结果显示，广东地方稻种资源品质性状具有丰富的多样性。其糙、精米率较高，蛋白质含量丰富多样，胶稠度的变异幅度大，直链淀粉含量适中达国标的材料偏少；中南稻作区为广东优质地方稻种的主要集中地；不同稻作区的品质性状多样性表现各异；直链淀粉含量、碱消值及胶稠度是影响广东地方稻种品质形成的主要指标；湿度和温度的地域差异是广东地方稻种稻米品质多样性的主要成因。本研究结果充分说明，广东地方稻种中具有优异品质性状资源的利用对改良现有品质的稻米品质和拓宽遗传基础具有十分重要的意义。

Studies on the rice quality trait diversity and its correlation with ecological factor of Rice Landrance in Guangdong Province

In order to further improve evaluation and its effective utilization of rice landrace in Guangdong Province, we used 2974 accessions catalogued in the national genebank that 9 rice quality traits as basic data to study. The geographic distribution of rice quality traits were analyzed, and rice quality trait diversity among each area were compared, and the correlation between some ecological factors and rice quality traits were studied. The rice landrace in Guangdong province showed higher brown rice rate and milled rice rate, richer diversity of protein content, larger variation in gel consistency, and not many materials reached the national standard in amylose content. High-quality rice germplasm mainly distribute in Southcentral rice area of Guangdong province. The result also showed that amylose content, gelatinization temperature and gel consistency were the main impact index of rice quality formation. Humidity and temperature difference among areas were the main impact factors of rice quality formation. So, it is very important for high quality rice breeding and genetic background expanding to use rice landrace in Guangdong Province effectively.