中国白桦资源的工业利用与生态经营

白桦是一个北温带的广布种 ,主要分布在温带亚洲的日本、朝鲜、俄罗斯和中国。白桦在我国分布于东北的大、小兴安岭和长白山 ,华北的燕山、太行山 ,西北的秦岭、天山、阿尔泰山 ,西南的横断山脉、青藏高原。白桦生长迅速 ,对环境的适应能力强 ,是恢复植被、保护森林水分和土壤的优良造林树种 ,白桦又是一个重要的药用和纤维用优良经济树种 ,因此 ,白桦资源具有全球范围内的广阔的发展前景。本文论述了中国白桦资源的地理分布、群落生态、生长发育、遗传生态、转基因技术和树皮、树叶、木材的加工利用 ,同时 ,还阐述了中国的白桦天然林保护工程、白桦工业的发展以及白桦资源的合理开发利用

THE ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT AND INDUSTRIAL UTILIZATION OF WHITE BIRCH ( BETULA PLATYPHYLLA ) RESOURCES IN CHINA

The White Birch ( Betula platyphylla ), a world-wide species, mainly distributed in the Northern Temperate zone, and mainly in Japan, Korea, Russia and China in Temperate Asian. In other way, it mainly distributed in Daxingan Mountain, Xiaoxingan Mountain and Changbai Mountain in the Northeast China, Yan Mountain,Taihang Mountain in Northern China, Qin Mountain, Tian Mountain, Artai Mountain in Northwest China, Hengduan Mountain, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Southwest China. White Birch, growing rapidly and having stronger adaptability to the environment, is quality species to regeneration forest culture for restitution vegetation and conservation of both water and soil, also a important economic tree species for medicinal and edible application. So there will a very extensive global development prospect for white birch resources. The progress in the aspect of geographical distribution, community ecology, growth and development, Reproductive Ecology transfer-gene breeding, the processing utilization of wood, sap and bark of white birch resources in China was documented in this paper. At the meantime, suggestion on possibility of forming white birch industry and developing a new substitute estate in the protection engineering of the nature forest in China was put for forward for implementation rational exploitation, utilization of birch resources of China.