不同产地南方红豆杉各家系幼苗生长、光合生理与株高生长节律的差异分析

为充分了解不同产地南方红豆杉也Taxus wallichiana var. mairei ( Lemée et H. Lév.) L. K. Fu et Nan Li页各家系幼苗生长、光合生理及株高生长节律的差异，以产自江西分宜( FY)、浙江龙泉( LQ)、福建建瓯( JO)和福建明溪( MX)的20个家系的2年生容器苗为研究对象，对幼苗的株高和地径以及叶片的净光合速率和叶绿素含量进行比较，并对各家系的株高生长进行Logistic拟合回归分析以及拟合曲线参数和株高生长节律参数的计算和分析；在此基础上，分析了不同指标间的相关性并对供试的20个家系进行聚类分析。结果显示：不同产地间南方红豆杉的株高、地径、叶绿素含量和净光合速率均无显著差异，但这些指标在不同家系间均有极显著差异(P<0.01)；各家系的株高、地径、净光合速率( Pn)以及叶绿素a( Chla)、叶绿素b( Chlb)和总叶绿素( Chl)含量的最大值较最小值分别高52.99%、29.63%、115.65%、39.81%、30.95%和37.24%。4个产地的株高生长均呈明显的“S型”曲线；各家系的最大生长速率( MGR)、线性生长速率( LGR)、线性生长总量( TLG)和线性生长持续时间( LGD)的最大值较最小值分别高60.00%、61.54%、63.73%和22.73%；从线性生长始期(t1)和线性生长终期(t2)来看，各家系的速生期为5月中旬或下旬至8月上旬。幼苗的株高与MGR、TLG、LGR、地径、Pn、Chlb和Chl等指标均极显著正相关，并与Chla显著正相关，而地径与MGR、TLG、LGR、Pn和Chlb等指标显著正相关，但株高和地径与LGD均无显著相关性。聚类分析结果表明：在欧氏距离10处，供试的20个家系被分成4个类型，其中，第Ⅳ类的6个家系的幼苗生长最佳且生长潜力最高。研究结果表明：不同产地南方红豆杉各家系的遗传变异丰富，且株高和地径生长主要受生长速率的影响；总体来看，家系LQ09、LQ11、FY21、FY26、MX12和MX18的幼苗生长潜力较高，可作为南方红豆杉的优良家系进行推广。

Analyses on differences in seedling growth,photosynthetic physiology and height growth rhythm ;of each family of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei from different locations

In order to fully understand differences in seedling growth, photosynthetic physiology and height growth rhythm of each family of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei ( Lemée et H. Lév.) L. K. Fu et Nan Li from different locations, taking two-year-old container seedlings of 20 families from Fenyi of Jiangxi (FY), Longquan of Zhejiang (LQ), Jian'ou of Fujian (JO) and Mingxi of Fujian (MX) as research objects, height and ground diameter of seedlings, and net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content in leaf were compared, and Logistic fitting regression analysis on height growth of each family was carried out and fitting curve parameters and height growth rhythm parameters were calculated and analyzed. On this basis, correlation among different indexes was analyzed and cluster analysis of 20 families tested was carried out. The results show that there is no significant difference in height, ground diameter, chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of T. wallichiana var. mairei among different locations, but there are extremely significant differences in those indexes among different families (P<0. 01). The maximum values of height, ground diameter, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and contents of chlorophyll a ( Chla) , chlorophyll b ( Chlb) and total chlorophyll ( Chl) of each family are higher than their minimum values by 52. 99%, 29. 63%, 115. 65%, 39. 81%, 30. 95% and 37. 24%, respectively. Height growth of four locations all appear obvious “S-shape” curve. The maximum values of the maximum growth rate (MGR), linear growth rate (LGR), total linear growth (TLG) and linear growth duration (LGD) of each family are higher than their minimum values by 60. 00%, 61. 54%, 63. 73%and 22. 73%, respectively. From the beginning (t1) and final (t2) days of linear growth, fast growing stage of each family is from middle or later May to early August. There are extremely significantly positive correlations of seedling height with indexes of MGR, TLG, LGR, ground diameter, Pn, Chlb and Chl, et al, and significantly positive correlation with Chla, while there are significantly positive correlations of ground diameter with indexes of MGR, TLG, LGR, Pn and Chlb, et al, but there is no significant correlation of both height and ground diameter with LGD. The cluster analysis result shows that at Euclidean distance of 10, 20 families tested are divided into four types, in which, seedling growth of 6 families of the Ⅳ type is the best and their growth potential is the highest. It is suggested that genetic variance of each family of T. wallichiana var. mairei from different locations is rich, and its height and ground diameter growth are mainly affected by growth rate. Overall, growth potential of seedlings of family LQ09, LQ11, FY21, FY26, MX12 and MX18 is higher, so they can be used as superior family of T. wallichiana var. mairei for spreading.