快速城市化生态系统服务格局分析与空间管控——以厦门市为例

快速城市化对生态系统服务产生消极影响,科学识别二者的空间规律并进行管控对国土空间资源可持续开发意义重大。基于土地利用、遥感影像、POI等多源数据,借助ArcGIS、InVEST平台分析厦门市六类生态系统服务的空间分布及权衡协同格局,并引入人工神经网络算法与土地利用程度指数模型定量识别城市化空间格局,通过决策矩阵提出空间管控策略。结果表明：①厦门生态系统服务分布在"陆-海"方向上分异显著,岛外地区综合生态系统服务指数总量占全域的91.78%,其中同安区的总量和均值都处于首位;②生态系统服务之间以协同作用为主,在全局关系中生境质量与雨涝调蓄以及与温度调节的协同水平最高,在局部空间关系中水源涵养与雨涝调蓄的协同水平最高,休闲游憩服务与其他服务的权衡效应最强;③翔安区开发潜力最大,同安区过度城市化问题突出,市域未开发单元中生境质量、水源涵养和雨涝调蓄服务较强,建成单元仅在休闲游憩服务具有优势;④叠加空间细分单元的城市化与生态系统服务特征,得到厦门市生态管控分区和决策矩阵,提出四类单元八种情景的具体管控策略。

Spatial pattern analysis and management of urban ecosystem services under rapid urbanization: A case study of Xiamen

Rapid urbanization induces negative impact on ecosystem services (ESs). Scientific identification of the spatial distribution and management of ESs is of great significance to sustainable development of land and resource. Currently, the lack of research on meso and micro scale limits further cognition of ESs. Additionally, homogeneous urbanization was generally taken as the premise to analyze the evolution characteristics of ESs by former research, which cannot meet the needs of fine land management. Based on land use, remote sensing, point of interest and other data, this paper analyzed the spatial distribution and trade-off/synergy relationship of six ESs in Xiamen, using ArcGIS and InVEST platform. Moreover, artificial neural network algorithm and land development assessing model were introduced to quantitatively identify the spatial pattern of urbanization. Finally, spatial management strategies were proposed through decision matrix. The results showed that (1) the distribution of ESs in Xiamen was significantly different on the land-sea direction. The four off-island districts of Xiamen contributed to 91.78% of the comprehensive ecosystem service (CES) in the study region. The total amount and average level of CES in Tong''an District were both the highest. (2) There were mainly synergistic effects between the ESs in Xiamen. From the perspective of overall relationship, habitat quality and runoff mitigation, habitat quality and temperature mitigation both showed high synergy. From the perspective of local spatial relationship, the synergy level of water conservation and flood regulation was the highest, while the trade-off effects between recreation service and other ESs were very significant. (3) Through identification of urbanization characteristics, Xiang''an District showed highest developing potential, and Tong''an District showed high level of over-urbanization. After spatial subdivision and classification, it was found that the service levels of habitat quality, water conservation and runoff mitigation were higher in the non-development units, and the built-up units only got an advantage on recreation service level. (4) Integrating spatial characteristics of urbanization and ESs distribution, the ecological control zoning map of Xiamen was put forward, based on the spatial subdivision units. Furthermore, the specific management strategies of four types of units in eight scenarios were proposed through the decision matrix. Sustainable development is to find a balance between ecological protection and economic development, so as to maximize the comprehensive benefits. Through the identification of the complex spatial relationship between ESs and the interaction between CES and urbanization process, this paper provides quantitative decision support for the fine management and control of urban ecological space.