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旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米的土壤水热效应及其对产量的影响
引用本文:王红丽,张绪成,宋尚有,马一凡,于显枫,柳燕兰.旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米的土壤水热效应及其对产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(10):2609-2614.
作者姓名:王红丽  张绪成  宋尚有  马一凡  于显枫  柳燕兰
作者单位:1.甘肃农业大学农学院, 兰州 730070;2甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 兰州 730070;3中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;4中国农业大学资源环境学院, 北京 100193
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(30960070); 国家重点实验室基金项目(10201-244); 甘肃省自然科学基金项目(1010RJZA177)资助
摘    要:以春玉米品种沈单16号为试验材料,研究半干旱区(年均降雨量415 mm)旱地不同覆盖种植方式的土壤水热效应及其对玉米产量的影响.结果表明: 与裸地平作(CK)相比,全膜双垄沟播(PMF)、全沙覆盖平作(SM)在玉米抽雄前均能提高0~25 cm土层平均地温,其中PMF增温最高;随种植年限增加,各处理对土壤水分的耗散深度增加,种植第1年对20~120 cm土层的水分耗散最多,种植第2年对120~200 cm土层的水分耗散最多,其中PMF耗水量最高.PMF的穗粒数、穗粒重和百粒重最高,SM次之,CK最低;与SM和CK相比,2009和2010年PMF平均穗粒数分别增加13.5%和114.2%,平均穗粒重分别增加29.8%和321.1%,平均百粒重分别增加14.4%和95.4%;PMF和SM的产量分别比CK高333.1%和240.2%,水分利用效率(WUE)分别提高290.6%和227.6%.PMF玉米连续种植两年后,120~200 cm土层土壤水分消耗达72 mm,显著高于SM(45 mm)和CK(40 mm).由于PMF能提高苗期-抽雄期地温,促进作物前期生长,提高玉米对土壤水的利用,从而使穗粒数、百粒重等增加,表现出较高的产量和水分利用效率,但该模式对1 m以下土壤水分消耗较多,对保持水分年际平衡不利.

关 键 词:旱地  全膜双垄沟播  玉米  土壤水热状况  产量

Effects of whole field-surface plastic mulching and planting in furrow on soil temperature, soil moisture, and corn yield in arid area of Gansu Province, Northwest China
WANG Hong-li,ZHANG Xu-cheng,SONG Shang-you,MA Yi-fan,YU Xian-feng,LIU Yan-lan.Effects of whole field-surface plastic mulching and planting in furrow on soil temperature, soil moisture, and corn yield in arid area of Gansu Province, Northwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(10):2609-2614.
Authors:WANG Hong-li  ZHANG Xu-cheng  SONG Shang-you  MA Yi-fan  YU Xian-feng  LIU Yan-lan
Institution:1.College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;2.Dryland Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;3.State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;4.College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Abstract:Taking spring corn (Zea mays) cultivar Shendan 16 as test material, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of the treatments whole-field surface plastic mulching and planting in furrow (PMF), whole-field surface sand mulching and flat planting (SM), and uncovered and flat planting (CK) on the soil temperature, soil moisture, and corn yield on the dry land of arid area (annual average precipitation 415 mm) in middle Gansu Province. Comparing with CK, treatments PMF and SM increased the average...
Keywords:dry land  whole-field surface plastic mulching and planting in furrow  corn  soil water and heat status  yield  
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