几种替代杀线剂对甘薯茎线虫的毒力与活性

采用熏蒸法和浸渍法测定了4种土壤熏蒸杀线剂和6种非熏蒸杀线剂对甘薯茎线虫的毒力，在此基础上以各药剂的致死中浓度剂量处理线虫，设置不同时间处理，观察了药剂对线虫的活性动态变化.结果表明： 熏蒸杀线剂棉隆、1,3-二氯丙烯、威百亩、氯化苦对甘薯茎线虫的LC₅₀依次为0.49、0.89、0.91、3.60 mg·L^-1，非熏蒸杀线剂甲维盐、阿维菌素、灭线磷、噻唑膦、涕灭威、丁硫克百威对甘薯茎线虫的LC₅₀依次为31.2、48.1、224.3、288.4、632.3、823.9 mg·L^-1.致死中浓度处理线虫后，各药剂校正死亡率随处理时间延长有不同幅度升高，棉隆、1,3-二氯丙烯、阿维菌素和甲维盐对线虫有较高的持续抑制效果，处理48 h脱离药剂处理后校正死亡率没有降低，而传统杀线剂品种灭线磷和涕灭威处理均出现线虫明显复苏的现象.表明棉隆、1,3-二氯丙烯、阿维菌素和甲维盐可以替代传统杀线剂应用于甘薯茎线虫的防治.

Toxicity and bioactivity of several alternative nematocides against Ditylenchus destructor

By the methods of fumigation and contact assay, this paper determined the toxicity of four kinds of soil fumigants and six kinds of non-fumigants against Ditylenchus destructor. In the meantime, the bioactivity of the agents was evaluated by the corrected mortality rate of D. destructor after treated with the LC₅₀ dose of each agent for different time. The LC₅₀ values of soil fumigants dazomet, 1,3-dichloropropene, metham-sodium, and chloropicrin were 0.49, 0.89, 0.91, and 3.60 mg·L^-1, and those of non-fumigants emamectin benzoate, abamectin, ethoprophos, fosthiazate, aldicarb, and carbosulfan were 31.2, 48.1, 224.3, 288.4, 632.3, and 823.9 mg·L^-1, respectively. The corrected mortality rate increased with treating time. After treated with LC₅₀ dose, the inhibitory effects of dazomet, 1,3-dichloropropene, abamectin, and emamectin benzoate kept on a higher level at the time, and the corrected mortality rate did not decline after breaking away from the treatment, but the D. destructor recovered when exposed to natural state after treated with ethoprophos and aldicarb for 48h. It was suggested that dazomet, 1,3-dichloropropene, abamectin, and emamectin benzoate were the potential alternative nematicides used for the control of D. destructor.