Dynamic regulation of intracellular calcium signals through calcium release channels |
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Authors: | Masamitsu Iino |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo;(2) CREST, Japan Science and Technology Cooperation, Japan |
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Abstract: | After the seminal work of Ebashi and coworkers which established the essential role of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the regulation of skeletal muscle contraction, we have witnessed an explosive elongation of the list of cell functions that are controlled by the [Ca2+]i. In numerous instances, release of intracellular Ca2+ stores plays important roles in Ca2+ signalling which displays significant variation in spatio-temporal pattern. There are two families of Ca2+ release channels, ryanodine receptors and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors. These Ca2+ release channels are structurally and functionally similar. In particular, the activity of both types of channels is regulated by the [Ca2+]i. The [Ca2+]i dependence of the Ca2+ release channel activity provides both types of channels with properties of a Ca2+ signal amplifier. This function of the ryanodine receptor is important in striated muscle excitation-contraction coupling, whereas that of the IP3 receptor seems to be the basis of the generation of Ca2+ waves. Thus the wide variety of Ca2+ signalling patterns seem to be critically dependent on the [Ca2+]i dependence of the Ca2+ release channels. |
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Keywords: | calcium calcium wave calcium oscillation inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor ryanodine receptor excitation-concentration coupling |
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