生态产品价值实现关键问题解决路径

量化、抵押、交易、变现是贯穿于生态产品价值实现全过程的重要环节，而难量化、难抵押、难交易、难变现(简称“四难”)是生态产品价值实现、生态文明建设亟待解决的关键问题。研究深入分析了“四难”问题的具体表征，包括产权界定不清、方法学研究不足、软硬件条件缺失、机制之间缺少联动等。为加强生态产品价值实现工作的统领作用，打通“绿水青山”同“金山银山”的双向转化通道，从整体布局、系统谋划角度出发，研究提出解决“四难”问题的基本路径：(1)通过构建“1+2+N”的政策框架体系，加强顶层设计，为生态产品价值实现试点奠定制度基础；(2)加强农特产品、资产权益类产品两类平台搭建，规范交易流程，健全交易网络，实现供需精准对接；(3)依据产权界定、可验证、可转让、可执行、政策连续性5项准则科学设计生态产品市场，实现生态产品交易市场化。此外，研究提出基于产业链金融链数据链协同深化生态产品价值实现问题研究。

The path to the key problems of the value realization of ecological products

Quantification, mortgage, transaction and realization are important links throughout the whole process of the value realization of ecological products, and the four dilemmas of difficult quantification, difficult mortgage, difficult transaction and difficult realization are the key problems to be solved urgently in the realization of the value of ecological products and the construction of ecological civilization. The specific characterization of the four dilemmas was deeply analyzed, including unclear definition of property rights, inadequate methodological research, lack of hardware and software conditions, lack of linkage between mechanisms and so on. In order to strengthen the leading role of the value realization of ecological products and open up the two-way transformation channel between lucid waters & lush mountains and invaluable assets, from the perspective of overall layout and system planning, the basic path to solve the four dilemmas was put forward:(1) strengthen the top-level design to lay the institutional foundation for the pilot project of realizing the value of ecological products through the construction of the 1+2+N policy framework system. Among them, 1 is a programmatic document, which clarifies ideas, principles, guiding ideology and division of tasks; 2 is the intermediate of incentive and restraint, including ecological development fund and government classification assessment system; N stands for a range of mechanisms, including ecological product value accounting, green product standards and brands, ecological compensation, green finance and so on. (2) Strengthen the construction of two platforms of agricultural products and ecological asset & regulating services, standardize the trading process, improve the trading network, and achieve precise docking between supply and demand. (3) According to the five criteria of property right definable, verifiable, transferable, executable and policy continuity, we should scientifically design the market of ecological products and realize the marketization of ecological products transaction. It can not only provide a reference for policy makers, but also help to discuss the standardization and commercialization of ecological products. The industrial chain promotes the integration and development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries for the purpose of realizing industrial value-added, strengthens the circulation of material, energy and information, and truly brings human beings together. To explore the value realization of ecological products based on industrial chain and promote the integration of financial chain and data chain will help to introduce more capital, talent, policy and other elements. Thus we proposes to deepen the value realization of ecological products based on the synergy of industrial chain, financial chain and data chain.