基于生态系统服务的山西黄河流域保护优先区识别

山西黄河流域当前面临生态环境快速退化问题，从生态系统服务视角进行保护优先区识别是自然保护和可持续发展的关键步骤。为给研究区生态平衡的维护及生态保护规划和决策提供信息来源和理论依据，基于2010—2020年多源数据，通过GIS空间分析和InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade offs)模型等方法模拟主要生态系统服务(生境质量、土壤保持、防风固沙、产水、碳固定、粮食供给)时空格局并采用热点分析和OWA(Ordered Weighted Averaged)多属性决策方法构建保护情景，评估保护效率筛选出最佳保护优先区。结果表明：(1)2010—2020年，土壤保持、防风固沙、产水、碳固定和粮食供给服务整体呈现出上升趋势，仅生境质量小幅度下降。空间上，研究区西部和东南部生境质量、土壤保持、产水和碳固定服务突出，防风固沙服务分布较破碎，中部及西南部平原地区粮食供给服务显著。(2)保护情景中，单项生态系统服务保护优先区主要位于三川河流域、昕水河流域和沁河流域，由单一服务主导呈现空间异质性。综合生态系统服务构建了11种保护...

Identification of priority conservation areas in the Yellow River Basin of Shanxi Province based on ecosystem services

Facing the rapid degradation of the ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin of Shanxi Province, the determination of conservation priority areas from the perspective of ecosystem services is a key step for nature protection and sustainable development. In this study, comprehensive multi-source data integration was used to simulate the changes in the spatial-temporal patterns of main ecosystem services (habitat quality, soil conservation, sand prevention, water yield, carbon sequestration, and crop production) by GIS spatial analysis tools and InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade offs) model. Multiple conservation scenarios were established by using hot spot analysis tool and OWA(Ordered Weighted Averaged) multi-attribute decision-making method. Finally, the optimal conservation priority area was screened out by evaluating conservation efficiency. The work can provide information source and theoretical basis for the maintenance of ecological balance and ecological protection planning and decision-making in the Yellow River Basin of Shanxi Province. The results showed that:(1) Temporally, soil conservation, sand prevention, water yield, carbon sequestration, and crop production showed an overall upward trend, and only habitat quality decreased slightly from 2010 to 2020. Spatially, the services of habitat quality, soil conservation, water yield, and carbon sequestration were prominent in the western and southeastern parts of the study area, while the distribution of sand prevention service was fragmented, and the crop production service in the central and southwest plain areas was significant. (2) In the constructed conservation scenarios, the conservation priority areas for single ecosystem service were mainly located in the Sanchuan River Basin, Xinshui River Basin, and Qinhe River Basin, which were dominated by the single service, showing spatial heterogeneity. Additionally, balancing the intricate relationship between ecosystem services, eleven conservation priority areas scenarios were constructed, which were affected by the coupling mechanism of ecosystem services, showing the overall spatial situation of the northwest contiguous and southeast fragmented. (3) Taking risks, trade-offs and protection efficiency into consideration, Scenario 8 is the optimal conservation priority area, with a protection area of 18,500 km², which can efficiently protect a variety of essential ecosystem services. The protection efficiency of habitat quality, soil conservation, sand prevention, water yield, carbon storage, and crop production are 1.45, 1.38, 1.04, 1.31, 1.16 and 0.98, respectively. The conservation priority area selection in this paper can provide a reference for the government''s growing nature conservation affairs, which will contribute to sustainable development in the Yellow River Basin of Shanxi Province.