暖温带若干落叶阔叶林群落物种多样性及其与群落动态的关系

 分析比较了暖温带中部至西南部20个落叶阔叶林群落类型的物种多样性，结果表明：1)一般情况下，乔、灌、草3个层次的物种丰富度(Sp)和多样性指数(D和H′)多为乔木层<灌木层<草本层，但均匀度指数(Ea)则多以灌木层居高；2)处于亚顶极阶段的森林群落各层次多样性指数(D和H′)特征是乔木层<草本层<灌木层；3)当群落处于顶极亚顶极阶段时，群落各层次的均匀度指数均在0.5以上；4)以群落总体重要值为测度指标来测度群落的总体物种多样性指数和均匀度指数时，发现群落总体Simpson多样性指数(D)可用于判断群落稳定性的高低，即总体多样性指数D低于或接近0.5的群落其稳定性较差或为特殊生境下的群落类型；当总体多样性指数D高于0.5时有两种情况：群落的均匀度指数Ea大于D的群落为地带性群落类型，它们有很高的稳定性，相当于顶极群落，而Ea小于或与D接近的群落具有较高的物种丰富度，在群落的演替动态方面处于顶极的前期，相当于亚顶极群落。

SPECIES DIVERSITY OF SOME DECIDUOUS BROAD-LEAVED FORESTS IN THEWARM-TEMPERATEZONE AND ITS RELATIONS TO COMMUNITY STABILITY

The species diversity of 20 broad-leaved deciduous forest communities in the mid- and southwestern parts of the warm-temperate zone were analyzed and compared. The results were as follows: 1) in general, species abundance (Sp) and diversity (D and H′) of herb layers were the highest in most of the 20 forest communities, followed by the shrub and tree layers sequentially; in contrast, the index of Alatalo evenness(Ea) was usually the highest in the shrub layer; 2) communities at the sub-climax stage also showed different trends in diversity among layers--diversity indices (D and H′) were lowest in the tree layers followed the herb and shrub layers sequentially; 3) eveness in different layers were all >0.5 in climax and sub-climax stage communities; 4) using total community importance value (IV) as a measure of the total indices of those communities, it was found that Simpson’s index (D) can be used to describe community stability. That is, early succession stage communities and those distributed in particular habitats have total D lower than or close to 0. 5. On the other hand, in zonal communities--typically highly stable or at a climax stage—have both D>0.5 and total Ea>total D. Communities with total Ea less than or close to their total D have higher species abundance, and are comparatively stable or at the stage just before climax, i.e. sub-climax stage in the sere.