灯盏花种质资源群体表型多样性研究

以采集自云南和贵州的21份灯盏花种质资源为材料,观测了它们的群体表型性状特征,并分析了这些表型性状的遗传多样性.结果表明:灯盏花种质资源的表型质量性状在居群内外均有丰富变异,不同质量性状的频率不同,并以多叶型的植株、绿色的茎、疏的茎毛、倒披针型的基生叶、全缘叶、锐尖的叶尖、花色淡紫和黄色的管状花冠口等为代表性表型性状.居群内各数量性状间以单株基生叶数和单株分枝数变异系数较高(均超过50%),而花序直径变异系数最低(18.14%);居群间各表型性状以株高和单序管状花数变异系数较高(52.98%和41.98%),而单株基生叶数和基生叶长变异系数较低(<20%).地理类群间表型分化系数为26.58%,地理类群内表型分化系数为73.42%.灯盏花性状表型多样性指数以株高最高(2.243),以单株分枝数和单株基生叶数较低(1.723和1.874),总体平均表型多样性指数为2.028;不同地理类群的表型多样性指数为1.589~1.890,并以楚雄地区最高,曲靖地区最低.研究发现,灯盏花种质资源具有丰富的质量和数量性状变异,多数性状的地理类群内变异大于地理类群间,且表型多样性指数相对较高,对其地理类群内变异的保护和利用对灯盏花育种具有重要的意义.

Phenotypic Diversity of Populations in Germplasm Resources of Erigeron breviscapus

Erigeron breviscapus(Vant.) Hand.-Mazz.,is commonly used in Chinese traditional medicine widely distributed in Yunnan Province of China as a perennial herb in the Asteraceae family.The diversity analysis was applied on the population phenotypic traits of 21 E.breviscapus germplasm resources collected from Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces.The results showed there were abundant variations on the phenotypic traits of E.breviscapus and the variation level was relatively higher on the phenotypic traits within E.breviscapus populations.The variation coefficients of base leaf number and branch number per plant were the highest(more than 50%),whereas the variation coefficient of capitulum diameter was the lowest(18.14%).The variation coefficients of plant height and tubular florets number per capitulum between populations were higher(52.98% and 41.98%),but those of base leaf number per plant and base leaf length were lower than 20%.The variations on most traits within geographic populations were larger than those between geographic populations,whereas the variations on capitulum diameter and tubular florets number per capitulum were demonstrated opposite trend.The phenotypic differentiation coefficient between geographic populations was 26.58% and the variations of E.breviscapus were mainly existed within geographic populations.The phenotypic diversity index of E.breviscapus was relatively higher than that of other species with the highest in plant height(2.243),the lowest in branch number and basal leaf number per plant(1.723 and 1.874),and the total mean diversity index was 2.028.The phenotypic diversity index of different geographic population was 1.589~1.890 with the highest in Chuxiong prefecture and the lowest in Qujing prefecture.In conclusion,there are abundant germplasm resources of E.breviscapus on variation through long-term nature selection,and protection and utilizing of variation within geological populations are important significance for breeding of E.breviscapus.