PICKLE is a CHD subfamily II ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor |
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Authors: | Kwok Ki Ho Heng ZhangBarbara L Golden Joe Ogas |
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Institution: | Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA |
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Abstract: | PICKLE plays a critical role in repression of genes that regulate development identity in Arabidopsis thaliana. PICKLE codes for a putative ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler that exhibits sequence similarity to members of subfamily II of animal CHD remodelers, which includes remodelers such as CHD3/Mi-2 that also restrict expression of developmental regulators. Whereas animal CHD3 remodelers are a component of the Mi-2/NuRD complex that promotes histone deacetylation, PICKLE promotes trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 suggesting that it acts via a distinct epigenetic pathway. Here, we examine whether PICKLE is also a member of a multisubunit complex and characterize the biochemical properties of recombinant PICKLE protein. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that PICKLE-related proteins in plants share a common ancestor with members of subfamily II of animal CHD remodelers. Biochemical characterization of PICKLE in planta, however, reveals that PICKLE primarily exists as a monomer. Recombinant PICKLE protein is an ATPase that is stimulated by ssDNA and mononucleosomes and binds to both naked DNA and mononucleosomes. Furthermore, recombinant PICKLE exhibits ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activity. These studies demonstrate that subfamily II CHD proteins in plants, such as PICKLE, retain ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activity but act through a mechanism that does not involve the ubiquitous Mi-2/NuRD complex. |
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Keywords: | PHD plant homeodomain PKL PICKLE HDAC histone deacetylase MBD2 methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 H3K27me3 trimethylation of lysine 27 histone H3 LEC Leafy Cotyledon ACT7 Actin7 UBQ10 Ubiquitin10 PKR Pickle-related DUF domain of unknown function ssDNA single-stranded DNA dsDNA double-stranded DNA WT wild type PRC2 Polycomb repressive complex 2 |
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