国内外湿地生态系统研究进展

湿地生态系统具有重要的生态功能和社会经济价值。由于诸多因素的影响,目前全球范围内相当一部分湿地生态系统已经丧失或正在遭受不同程度的威胁,湿地生态系统已经成为近年来相关领域研究的热点之一。近年来,国内外湿地生态系统的研究主要集中在湿地生态系统生物多样性本底资料的调查、湿地生态系统的动态以及湿地生态系统胁迫因子研究、退化湿地生态系统的重建和管理,以及恢复湿地有效性的评估体系等4个方面。一些新方法、新技术也不断应用于湿地生态系统研究中。除了自然湿地外,人工湿地的构建和评价体系的建立也成为该领域研究的热点方向。影响湿地生态系统的因素涉及到自然、社会经济、文化等多个方面,加之湿地类型多样性,因此开展更为广泛的湿地生态系统结构、功能和动态的研究是十分必要的。同时,对特定区域内的湿地生态系统修复过程中的关键技术(包括物种的选择等)的研究、新方法和新手段的应用研究也应该在湿地生态系统研究中给予特别关注。

Progress of Researches on Wetland Ecosystems

Wetland ecosystems have gained more and more attention from ecologists for their important ecological functions and social-economic values in recent years. However, many wetland ecosystems all over the world have been lost or are facing a serious threat presently from natural and social factors. Wetland ecosystems are becoming a focus of ecology. In recent years, the studies on wetland ecosystems have concentrated on four main areas, i.e., the investigations on basic information, dynamics,restoration and management of wetland ecosystems. Many new methods and techniques have been used widely in wetland ecosystem studies. The restoration and reconstructing methods of artificial wetlands, as well as their evaluation, have gotten more and more attention from scientists. Natural and social-economic factors may affect the function, structure, and dynamic of wetland ecosystems. Different types of wetland ecosystems have different characteristics. So it is necessary to conduct the study on structure, function and dynamics of wetland ecosystems in broader regions. Additionally, more attentions should be paid to the study of the key techniques (including selection of species) in restoration and rebuilding of wetlands.