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Genomic changes following host restriction in bacteria
Authors:Moran Nancy A  Plague Gordon R
Affiliation:Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. nmoran@email.arizona.edu
Abstract:Many genomic sequences have been recently published for bacteria that can replicate only within eukaryotic hosts. Comparisons of genomic features with those of closely related bacteria retaining free-living stages indicate that rapid evolutionary change often occurs immediately after host restriction. Typical changes include a large increase in the frequency of mobile elements in the genome, chromosomal rearrangements mediated by recombination among these elements, pseudogene formation, and deletions of varying size. In anciently host-restricted lineages, the frequency of insertion sequence elements decreases as genomes become extremely small and strictly clonal. These changes represent a general syndrome of genome evolution, which is observed repeatedly in host-restricted lineages from numerous phylogenetic groups. Considerable variation also exists, however, in part reflecting unstudied aspects of the population structure and ecology of host-restricted bacterial lineages.
Keywords:Abbreviations: IS   insertion sequence
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