Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection |
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| Authors: | Brenchley Jason M Price David A Schacker Timothy W Asher Tedi E Silvestri Guido Rao Srinivas Kazzaz Zachary Bornstein Ethan Lambotte Olivier Altmann Daniel Blazar Bruce R Rodriguez Benigno Teixeira-Johnson Leia Landay Alan Martin Jeffrey N Hecht Frederick M Picker Louis J Lederman Michael M Deeks Steven G Douek Daniel C |
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| Affiliation: | Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. |
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| Abstract: | Chronic activation of the immune system is a hallmark of progressive HIV infection and better predicts disease outcome than plasma viral load, yet its etiology remains obscure. Here we show that circulating microbial products, probably derived from the gastrointestinal tract, are a cause of HIV-related systemic immune activation. Circulating lipopolysaccharide, which we used as an indicator of microbial translocation, was significantly increased in chronically HIV-infected individuals and in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques (P
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